Recently I had to explain to a couple of people why the iPhone was only on AT&T here in the United States and why rumors of an impending release of a "CDMA iPhone" on Verizon was so hard to do. Simply put, AT&T (and T-Mobile) uses a standard called GSM while Verizon (and Sprint) use a standard called CDMA. Both are not compatible with each other. This is just for "3G" type service at the moment and I will not even get into the hodgepodge that is "4G", at least not right now.
Look back about five years.
Reading the various tech blogs and rumor sites I've come across many entries talking about Apple producing a CDMA version of the iPhone for both the US and overseas markets. I had one other Apple fan tell me it just wasn't possible and then I reminded him that back when Apple was first developing the iPhone they approached Verizon first. Verizon did not want to meet the demands of Apple for so much revenue sharing and loss of control so Steve Jobs and company took the show to what was then called Cingular (later purchased by AT&T). This means that at some point Apple either had CDMA prototypes or plans for a CDMA version of the iPhone back then and shelved them when they found a GSM carrier that would meet their demands.
I'll take this moment to also point out that back in 2005 when Steve Jobs first announced the transition of the Mac computer line to Intel chips he stated that since the VERY FIRST version of MacOS X there had been versions of the software written and developed at Apple HQ for Intel (x86) based CPUs as a hedge against the PowerPC CPU architecture. In other words Jobs and Apple have a history of having black projects under wraps for those sort of "just in case we need it" moments. I personally would not be surprised to find out one day that just such a CDMA iPhone program had been underway at Apple from the very beginning.
Fast forward to 2010.
Currently GSM is pretty much the standard for most of the world, but not all. Many developing markets such as India, Asia, as well as Latin and South America use the CDMA (or a variant) standard. I'd be willing to make a bet that if Verizon had originally agreed to the demands of Jobs and Apple that we would have seen CDMA iPhones around the world and not GSM versions.
In a few of the European countries that carry the iPhone there have started to be more than one carrier for the device (the UK, Germany, and France so far). Ditto for Canada. Just about anyone who follows tech news knows that this is the last year of AT&T exclusivity for the iPhone here in the US which means that come 2011 we can expect to have such carrier diversity here in the states.
What's so profitable about this thing?
Let's go back a few years again to right before the announcement of the iPhone.
Back then Apple was making a name for itself in the digital music and video download world with its iPod line of players and the iTunes music store. The iTunes store laid the ground work for everything that Apple did after that as far as delivered content. It was a proven working model of how digital delivery could be done and for a considerable profit. This is important later.
Also remember that for the first year after the iPhone was released there was no such thing as an App Store (I know, hard to believe now). Instead Jobs and Apple pushed the idea of web based apps. That really didn't pan out and a year later both the second generation iPhone was launched along with the new App Store and that's when the profits really started rolling in for Apple. All those users buying apps every single day adds up after a while and Apple got a 30% cut of the take.
This year Apple purchased a mobile advertising company and there are now more free apps that have embedded advertising to generate profit. I'd be willing to bet there is some kind take for Apple in this as well (I've not been able to find it yet). People love free apps and in a lot of cases are willing to overlook that small little ad thingy in one corner or another.
Also consider that Apple announced last week that Mac sales make up 33% of their profits now. The other 66% come from iOS devices such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad. Opening up to more networks opens up more profit margins.
Enter the iPad.
Earlier this year Apple launched the iPad and it has since gone on to become the fastest selling piece of consumer electronics, ever, even surpassing the iPhone and iPod in adoption by people. Hell, I swore I wouldn't buy one and then after having a few minutes with a demo unit at the local Apple store had one the very next week! People who had maybe never had or used an iPod or iPhone got to see this new ecosystem for the first time and that can create a new demand for Apple products. I can remember when the Mac commanded a measly 5% market share of PC sales in the US. This past week Apple announced they now command 20% of the market share for PC sold in the US. That's a huge jump in just a little over a decade.
And the key is the two versions of the iPad that were released. There was the 3G enabled one that worked with AT&T's network and the WiFi only version (which I own). It's not tied to any one particular cellular network in other words. This shows that if it's available people will buy it, network agnostic.
Why add CDMA now?
It's pretty clear that Apple sees Google (Android) and RIM (BlackBerry) as it's main competitors in the growing mobile space and while it's true that there are literally tens of millions of iPhone users in the US who are AT&T customers the one weakness that Apple has against its competitors is the lack of multi-carrier agreements. Android and BlackBerry handsets are literally available from every single cell phone service provider in the United States, even the pre-paid carriers such as Boost, Cricket, Virgin Mobile US, and others. That's literally hundreds of millions of potential customers right there. It would be insane for a Fortune 100 company like Apple to turn their backs on such potential buyers! I don't think you'll see an iPhone on one of the smaller regional or pre-pay carriers, at least not yet, but I can see Apple looking to hook into the four top dogs of the cellular market here in the US if they want to seriously compete.
At some point Apple is going to hit a wall that it will not be able to break through by staying with AT&T as the only carrier for the iPhone in the United States. At some point the amount of people will to sign up with that particular carrier will plateau, and possible even begin to decline when people become dissatisfied with the service provided by AT&T. There are so many stories on the internet about AT&T frustration that all you have to do is do a Google search for that phrase, "AT&T Frustration", to see how many there are. There is a limit to how much profit a company can generate from exclusive agreements.
The bottom line.
If Apple is truly serious about wanting to take on Android and BlackBerry in the mobile space they have to diversify their availability. Speaking from personal experience the only reason I never purchased an iPhone when they first came out was how much I dislike AT&T. I had a few too many bad experiences with that company. I know many others personally who say similar things.
From a purely business standpoint it makes more since to the bottom line to make your product available to more people to get more sales.